Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Defining Military Discipline and Values - 1563 Words

Military Discipline is a state of order and obedience existing within a command. Self discipline in the military is where soldiers do the 4 rights without being told, even in the absence of the commander. Discipline is created within a unit by instilling a sense of confidence and responsibility in each individual. To strengthen discipline, senior leaders need to give praise to their subordinates, either individually or as a whole, for tasks done well. By doing this, it will accomplish every commanders goal of having a unit that functions well and builds a bond which binds together the team. Everything in life requires some sort of discipline. Whether it is hitting a baseball, learning to sew , playing a musical instrument, making good†¦show more content†¦Selfless service is looking out for other people even if it won’t benefit you. It is a service which is performed without any expectation of result or award for the person performing it. A great example was when I wa s out at the Atnavics for the second half of the day pulling guard, the rest of the company got to go home and my NCO came out to relieve me. Even though it was hot and I know he wanted to go home, he let me go home instead. I was being selfish by not being on time. I wasted my chain of commands time to have them call me and find out that I was still sleeping and to waist my battle buddies time waiting for my NCOs to call me. The more disciplined you are the more you realize that by helping out the unit will really benefit you too. When you help your battle buddy with their rucksack so they don’t hurt themselves really you are helping the unit. That soldier will be able to perform the mission better because you helped him. Had you not, he might have sprained an ankle or pulled a muscle, therefore, not completing the mission because he’s in the hospital. Honor can be defined in so many ways. The way that I define honor is the show of respect and esteem to another. Also, it’s the devotion to ones unit, family or country. By being undisciplined and late to PT on Wednesday, I was showing dishonor rather than honor. I wasn’t showing that I am devoted to my unit. I wasn’t showing that I amShow MoreRelatedEssay on Defining Military Discipline and Values1385 Words   |  6 PagesMilitary Discipline is a state of order and obedience existing within a command. Self discipline in the military is where soldiers do the 4 rights without being told, even in the absence of the commander. Discipline is created within a unit by instilling a sense of confidence and responsibility in each individual. To strengthen discipline, senior leaders need to give praise to their subordinates, either individually or as a whole, for tasks done well. By doing this, it will accomplish every commandersRead MoreEssay about Customs and courtesi es1003 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Customs and Courtesies As soldiers we are taught to live the seven Army values defining the basics of what a soldier is all about. One of those being respect. Relying on the golden rule, â€Å"How we consider others reflects upon each of us, both personally and as a professional organization.† I believe this is an extremely important value to live by each and every day. As a soldier I pledged to treat others with dignity and respect while expecting others to do the same. Respect is what allows usRead MoreThe Military s Customs And Courtesies1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe military has an extremely copious amount of traditions and methods of conducting its activity. The older ones around are undoubtedly the military’s rules, and regulations on custom and courtesies. The following RBI will serve to describe the importance and significance behind the military’s customs and courtesies. These traditions are fundamental to military life. The seven army values are also a large aspect of where military behavior and practices stems from. The customs and courtesies we abideRead MoreEthic Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesPHL-323 February 20, 2012 Frank Campbell At the core, one’s personal beliefs are what makes up one’s value system or what could be called their personal ethics structure. One’s personal values, or ethics structure, are developed over a lifetime and is ever evolving. There are many factors that come into play during the development of one’s ethics structure. The process begins at childhood. The people that a person comes into contact with, influences inside the home suchRead MoreCorrective Action for Disrespecting Higher Ranking Military Personal1268 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay is on tact, professionalism, respect and disrespect, as part of my corrective action for disrespecting higher ranking military personal. I will start this essay off with defining each of the subjects so that the reader may have a full understanding on what each mean. Tact is the first subject on which I am suppose to include in this essay, tact is defined as a keen sense of what to say or do to avoid giving offense; skill in dealing with difficult or delicate situations. The secondRead MoreBenito Mussolini, What Is Fascism829 Words   |  4 Pagesunemployment, chaos, communism, and a political domination by lower classes. The Russian Revolution, the collapse of Central Powers in 1918, and Communist attempts to seize power greatly strengthened the appeal of fascism throughout Europe. In defining the new term Fascism, Mussolini is easily able to gain followers looking for a better way of life, one in which the current government structure was not protecting. Mussolini describes the Fascist as someone who accepts life and loves it andRead MoreThe Army As A Profession Of Arms1283 Words   |  6 PagesOver centuries, the Army established and continues to validate itself as a Profession of Arms. As a department of the US Military, the Army earns this title by providing the unique service of defending the Constitution and the American people. In order to be a Profession of Arms then, the Soldiers that fill the Army’s ranks must be professionals. These professionals are morally and legally bound by the Army ethics to constantly develop their occupation specialties and apply them â€Å"ethically, effectivelyRead MoreBeing A Senior Noncommissioned Officer906 Words   |  4 PagesBeing a Senior Noncommissioned Officer (NCO) in the United States Army was my real first experience at being a leader. There were many challenges with handling those new responsibilities that, at first were difficult, but later defining. I learned so much in a short period of time unlike any other experience in my life. Growing up in the Army, I have always noticed that officers, whether Commissioned or Warrant, possess something different about them. The officers that I have worked with alwaysRead MoreU.s. Armys Collective Team Efforts1291 Words   |  6 PagesContinental Congress during the American Revolutionary War in 1778, and it has been the Army’s guiding moto for over 200 years. In the official U.S. Army logo, This We’ll Defend is found in a rattlesnake-encircled banner above a tableau filled with military and revolutionary symbols, including a liberty cap, cannons and a Roman cuirass. To signify the Army’s constant readiness to defend and preserve the United States of America. â€Å"This We’ll Defend† means â€Å"WE’ as the US Army are there, when we are neededRead MoreThe Key Elements Of Leadership Essay790 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership is a universal ability that every individual administer effectively and non-effective and it’s based on personal experience, environment, society and influences. Military personnel generally have a martial approach in leadership. My daughter has recently joined the military. I have notice that due to her short time in the military it has refined her ability to be more structured and a punctual individual. Dean Smith, North Carolina former head basketball coach was interviewed and stated (in reference

Friday, May 15, 2020

Model And Factor Analysis In Assessing Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1754 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Customers are more and more mindful of the service quality being provided by an organization and they expect that their wishes are fulfilled. In an increasingly competitive environment, service quality as a critical measure of organisational performance attracts banking institutions and remains at the forefront of services marketing literature and practice (Lasser et al., 2000; Yavas and Yasin, 2001; Dhandabani, 2010). This study assesses what customers are expecting in terms of service quality from the commercial banks operating in Mauritius and what they are in fact receiving. This chapter consists of the idea behind the motivation of the study, problem statement, aim and objectives of the research, research questions and scope of studies. Banking industry is also scrutinized. The chapter finally outlines the structure of the dissertation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Model And Factor Analysis In Assessing Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Motivation Parasuraman et al., (1985) noted that the key strategy for the success and survival of any business institution is the deliverance of quality services to customers. Mauritius which is among the leading economies in Africa, aims to be ranked among the top ten most investment- and business-friendly locations in the world. To be able to achieve this aim, the banking sector plays a major role and the service quality being offered by the banking sector is of utmost importance to attract individuals, businesses, governments. Huseyin et al., (2005) believes that good knowledge of the characteristics and advantages of service quality on the part of banks do contribute for their success and their persistence in the international banking competitive environment (Ragavan and Mageh, 2013). Saravanan and Rao (2007) pointed out that service quality remains critical in the service industries, as businesses strive to maintain a competitive advantage in the market place and achieving customer satisfaction. Bheenick (2012), Governor of Central Bank of Mauritius (BOM), drew the attention that there is still scope for more competition and there is room for the banking sector to grow in size and sophistication to diversify consumer choice (Appendix 1). Financial services, particularly banks, compete in marketplace with generally undifferentiated services and products, thereby service quality becomes a key competitive weapon (Stafford, 1996). This should alarm the existing commercial banks and make them realised how ser vice quality is vital to compete for market shares and to avoid the tendency of existing customers switching to another bank. Customers are increasingly aware of the options on offer in relation to the rising standards of service (krishnaveni et al., 2004; Mishra et al., 2010). Customers therefore compare services being provided by different banks and then select the one offering superior quality. The Mauritian banking sector contributes a great deal to the economy and the financial intermediation sector which is driven mainly by the banks posted a higher growth of 5.5 per cent. At 30 September 2011, the banks realised profit after tax of Rs15.9 billion while the GDP in 2011 was at 3.9 per cent. Hence, the above information shows the importance of the banking sector for the Mauritian economy and how service quality may be a vital tool to gain competitive edge. 1.2 Banking industry in Mauritius Commercial banks are important addition to banking sector, and its contribution to economic increase and financial services to this sector is immense, as such, it is considered as major part and parcel of this sector as are conventional banks (Idiab et al., 2011). Today, the Mauritian banking sector has 21 commercial banks with 216 branches, 8 non-bank deposit taking institutions, 10 money-changers and 6 foreign exchange dealers. For the purpose of the study, service quality only in the banking industry more specifically that of commercial banks will be considered. The offshore and Islamic banking will be excluded. The Table 1.1 illustrates the 216 branches that the 21 commercial banks operate; the number of ATMs which were approximately 436 in September 2012 and the approximate number of employees employed by each bank. Compared to the other commercial banks operating in Mauritius, the Century Banking Corporation Ltd is an Islamic bank and its operations are based on the Sharia. Banyan Tree Bank Limited has been licensed in September 2012 and its operations are not yet fully established. Investec Bank (Mauritius) Limited, P.T Bank Internasional Indonesia, Standard Chartered Bank (Mauritius) Limited, Deutsche Bank (Mauritius) Limited are completely offshore oriented. Table 1.1: Commercial banks in Mauritius Banks No. of branches No. of ATMs No. of employees 1.ABC Banking Corporation Ltd 1 1 90 2. AfrAsia Bank Limited 1 0 102 3. Bank of Baroda 6 6 77 4. Bank One Limited 14 14 275 5. Banque des Mascareignes Lteacute;e 12 11 158 6.BanyanTree Bank Limited 1 7.Barclays Bank PLC 24 24 1497 8.Bramer Banking Corporation Ltd 19 22 357 9.Century Banking Corporation Ltd 1 0 25 10.Deutsche Bank (Mauritius) Limited 1 0 250 11.Habib Bank Ltd 3 3 56 12.HSBC Bank (Mauritius) Limited 11 16 409 13.Investec Bank (Mauritius) Limited 1 0 80 14.Mauritius Post and Cooperative Bank Ltd 15 19 328 15.P.T Bank Internasional Indonesia 1 0 15 16.SBI (Mauritius) Ltd 13 14 226 17.Standard Bank (Mauritius) Limited 1 0 100 18.Standard Chartered Bank (Mauritius) Limited 1 0 51 19.State Bank of Mauritius Ltd (SBM) 39 104 1200 20.The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited 11 15 409 21.The Mauritius Commercial Bank Ltd (MCB) 40 160 2700 Source: fieldwork The banks in Mauritius provide a wide range of different banking and financial services to corporate, institutional and private clients. They offer personal banking: a range of current and savings accounts; loans; credit cards; ATM network; telephone banking; card-based payment services; standing order facilities; internet banking. Friendly measures like 24-hours banking; 7-days and anywhere banking; extended business hours; a dedicated customer Contact Centre and an online platform are operated. Business services including lending products, trade and export finance, SMEs, Wealth Management; Corporate Banking, International Banking and Global Business; Treasury services and eBusiness and offshore banking are offered. Specialised services such as fund administration, custodial services, trusteeship, structured lending, structured trade finance; investment banking,international portfolio management, treasury and specialised finance;and private client activities are provided by banks. Added to the existing products and services, most banks aim to provide products to its customers specifications. The banks also put highly qualified and experienced professionals to the customers disposition to give them advice and to guide them. 1.3 Problem Statement Reputation of an organisation is very fragile and any service quality problems will not be favorable for its name. Ha and Jang (2009) argues that service failure occurs when customer perceptions do not meet customer expectations. The problem with service failure is that it may lead to a destroyed relationship between the customer and the organisation. Commercial banks operating in Mauritius are awarded and gaining international recognition. This can be epitomised by the MCB which has been awarded the Corporate reporting awards SEMÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 7, Corporate Governance Disclosures and Online Reporting by PricewaterhouseCoopers for 2011, 2012 and 2013 and the Best local Bank at EMEA Finance Award for 2011 and 2010. Similarly, AfrAsia Bank has been awarded as the Best Local Private Bank in Mauritius and also as the Best Private Bank for the super affluent in Mauritius by Euromoney Private Banking Survey. Many customers depend on the commercial banks to provide them with high quality services daily. The question does arise how banks that though awarded, have shortcomings in their service quality. At the MCB which is ranked 18th in Africa and 662nd among the top 1000 banks and the State Bank, for instance, clients have been victims of phishing (Lexpress, 2nd March 2012) ( Appendix 2). Following these cases, the Mauritius Bankers Association (MBA), on behalf of its members, in a press release, alerted bank customers to various fraudulent e-mails (Appendix 3). Moreover, according to Bheenick (2012), fee income is now a non-negligible component of banks total income and there have been complaints from various quarters that bank charges are on the high side. A Working Group on fees, charges and commissions to study the reasonableness of bank charges relative to the services offered, has been set up. But then, till now no action has been undertaken to rectify the problem. The problems mentioned above and other problems that will be identified in the study call for the assessment of service quality. 1.4 Aim The aim of the study is to assess customers service quality expectations and perceptions of commercial banks. 1.5 Objectives The main goal of the study is to identify the customers expectations and perceptions on service quality factors as per Servqual model among banks customers using a modified version of Servqual questionnaire. An insight on the different aspects of service quality by banks is provided. The order of importance of the dimensions of Servqual model quality will be ranked. Similarly, the goal is to reduce the number of variables into a few meaningful objectives; to determine the new dimensions of service quality and to identify the most important factor using Factor Analysis (FA). Finally, recommendations following the findings of the study will be made based on statistical techniques used. 1.6 Research Questions The study seeks to answer the following questions: Are the services being offered by the commercial banks in Mauritius meeting customers expectations? What are the perceptions of the customers about the services that they are receiving? Is there a gap between the expectations and the perceptions of the customers? 1.7 Hypothesis The following hypothesis may be formulated for this study: H1. There is no difference between customers expectations and perceptions. 1.8 Format of the study The following is an outline of the dissertation: Chapter 1: Introduction In this chapter a general outline of the study is given. It introduces the motivation behind the study and the problem statement. Aims, hypothesis, objectives have been formulated and the banking industry is evaluated. Chapter 2: Literature Review In chapter two, the theoretical framework will be presented. Different concepts such as service quality, customer expectations and perceptions, and perceived service quality are described. Finally, the SERVQUAL model is outlined and empirical studies are reviewed. Chapter 3: Methodology This chapter will describe the methods that will be used for making the survey and for analysis. The questionnaire structure as well as the method for choosing the sample of population is also described. Lastly, the data analysis techniques are studied. Chapter 4: Analysis of Findings In chapter four, the data, the findings and the analysis of the result will be dealt with. Gaps between expectations and perceptions are analysed using mean scores and independent t-tests. Factor Analysis is used to reduce the number variables of the SERVQUAL model. Data collected from the respondents will be analysed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) software and Excel 2007. Chapter 5: Chapter 5: Recommendations and Conclusion In chapter five, the recommendations within the context of the study and conclusions of the dissertation will be highlighted. Moreover, proposal for further research will be made. 1.9 Conclusion Chapter one gives a brief and general description of the research and presents the statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, motivation of the study, an overview of banking industry and finally the structure of the research. Chapter two will present service quality concept adopted in this study and reviews the literature and explain in details the constructs of the study.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Cause And Effect Of Impaired Driving - 925 Words

As we all know that there are many people dying or getting severely injured every day because either they are driving under the influence (DUI) or they are victims of those people who drink and drive. The United States is the country which has the most accidents caused by DUI. According to the article â€Å"Alcohol Involvement in Fatal Crashes†, the U.S has the most impaired driving accidents. Statistics in the article â€Å"Impaired Driving† show that around 10,076 people were killed in ‘alcohol – impaired’ driving in 2013 in the United States. Research shows that people aged 16 to 49 are the ones who are most likely break the laws of DUI, and teenagers are more likely to get into fatal accidents. Therefore, the government, and other organizations have invented programs to help these people and reduce rates of drinking and driving in the United States. For example, Reinforcing Alcohol Prevention (RAP), Criminal Justice Policies, Drug Abuse Resistanc e Education (DARE) etc. However, not all programs work the same way for everyone. To find out how to reduce drinking and driving rates in the United States using programs, we have to look at what kind of people are breaking DUI laws, what are the causes, and then we can find out which program will work better for a specific group. At first, we should find out which groups are involved/ are in higher risk of getting into fatal accidents. Groups: There are different groups who were involved in drinking and driving, and the biggest one isShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of Driving Under The Influence Of Alcohol And Drugs Along With Texting While Driving861 Words   |  4 PagesL. (2016). Texting, drugs, and driving: A triple threat to driving safety? Journal of Ergonomics, 6 (2), 1-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7556.1000154 This journal explains the dangers of driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs along with texting while driving. This journal is useful in identifying the risks associated with intoxicated driving. It can also help in determining the effects of alcohol exposure in contrast to drugs and texting while driving to see if there are any performanceRead MorePersuasive Essay On Drink And Drive870 Words   |  4 PagesDrink and Drive Have you ever watch people on the road, driving side to side that you can assume that the driver is drunk? Alcohol is a substance that reduces the function of the brain, impairing thinking, reasoning and muscle coordination. All these abilities are essential to operating a vehicle safely (reference 3). Millions of people in worldwide, do drink after drive. Most of them say or might say â€Å"Nothing happened, I got home safely, and nobody got hurt?† Just because you made it home safelyRead MoreDistracted Driving Involving Cell Phones908 Words   |  4 Pagessituation. Distractions of cell phones, impaired driving due to alcohol, and lack of experience due to brain development contribute to motor- vehicle accidents caused from teen drivers. One of the causes of motor- vehicle accidents in teens is distracted driving involving cell phones. Every day in the United States, more than nine people are killed and more than 1,153 people are injured in accidents due to distracted driving involving cell phones (â€Å"Distracted Driving† par. 1). When teens drive and lookRead MoreAlcoholism should be banned772 Words   |  4 PagesTASK 1 Topic: Alcohol consumption should be banned. Argue for or against the statement. Argument For Topic sentence: Alcohol consumption should be banned Supporting ideas: 1. Effects of alcohol abuse in your body 2. How does alcohol affect family life’s 3. The effects of drinking and driving Task 2 Rough draft In my personal opinion I am in favour of alcohol being banned. I am a victim of alcoholic parents , so I can relate to the difficulties that I was faced withRead More Drinking and Driving Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesDrinking and Driving Should Blood Alcohol Percentages for Drunken Driving Be Lowered? Driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol is one of the most dangerous things you can do. Alcohol causes varying degrees of the following side effects in everyone who uses it; dullness of sensation, lowered sensory motor skills, lowered reactive or reflexive motor responses, impaired thought processes, impaired memory, impaired judgement, sleep or sleeplessness, and in extreme Read MoreEssay about Causes and Effects of Drunk Driving830 Words   |  4 Pages Cause and Effect Essay on: Drunk Driving Driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol is one of the most dangerous things you can do. There is a mass of research evidence to show that driving performance and reaction times are seriously affected by alcohol. Our law in Georgia states, â€Å"that it is illegal to operate a motor vehicle if your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeds .10%. Georgia observes a per se law. (Craft) If you drink and drive, you are not only a dangerRead MoreMedical Use of Marijuana875 Words   |  4 PagesNausea†). Certain studies show that the medication given to each patient to help the nausea was not helpful. According to an article, patients were given THC to assist the sickness, and by doing so the sickness decreased and â€Å"experienced† positive effects of â€Å"better appetites and elevated moods† (Dell and Snyder). The use of medical marijuana to help ease the sick feeling, people get through this treatment can really brighten a person’s attitude. In conclusion, by using medical cannabis it allows theRead MoreTeenage Drinking and Driving Essay659 Words   |  3 Pagessociety in many ways including teenage drinking and driving, school performances, and increasing crimes. I. A teenage driver and alcohol is a dangerous combination, which can lead to fatality. A. Teenage drivers are at a greater risk of death in an alcohol-related vehicle accident than any other population because of inexperience, invincible thinking, and impaired judgment caused by alcohol. 1. Inexperience plays a major role not only in driving but also in the consumption of alcohol among youthRead MoreSenior Citizens Behind the Wheel Essay600 Words   |  3 Pagesdrive due to their medical history and the fact that they might suffer from possible side effects from taking multiple prescription medicines. In addition, local organizations and neighbors can provide transportation for the elderly to keep them from endangering themselves and others. The threat senior citizens create when driving can be avoided if they are tested to ensure their competence as a driver. Driving is a privilege that should not be taken lightly when peoples lives are at stake. TheRead MoreDrunk Driving Is More Precious Than Anything Else1280 Words   |  6 PagesDrunk Driving Denis Pichardo Miami Dade College Drunk Driving Life is more precious than anything else, and everybody would love to live to the fullest. In life, there are decisions that people make that can shorten their lives. Though it’s argued that life is under God’s control, there is no doubt that there exist self-inflicted injuries that shorten life on earth. The decisions people make therefore have dire consequences on their life. To drink and drive is an example of such courageous

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Mental Disorder Symptoms Public Safety †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Mental Disorder Symptoms Public Safety. Answer: Introduction: The legislative law which are also known as the statutes are similar to contract. This means that they are not applied until and unless it is being consented. As it happens in case of a contract that a point comes into effect if it is mentioned in the contract, similarly in this case it will come into effect upon consent. The citizen of the country or the state does not consent upon these laws so that it can be applied upon them. All the citizens in Australia are under the jurisdiction of common law. Common law is a mixture of Australian law and English law. Under common law there is no binding and the citizen have their freedom to do anything they pleases until and unless it comes into conflict with the law or breaks any law (Carleton et al,. 2017). The citizen of Australia believes that what people consider as law are form of a contract and they are into effect only if these laws are being opted for. It is considered that what the people from different States consider as laws, the Australian citizen consider it to be merely contract. The freemen believe that the law is not applicable to them as they have not opted for the law. They only consider one law which is known as common law (Griffiths,2014). They consider that they are being received and the system of Government is such that they are being levied upon with taxes and other burden which they believe they are not liable to as they have not opted for the laws. They believe that they have the power to declare they are free from all government jurisdictions and are not liable to pay taxes, debts or mortgages. They believe that law does not apply to them as they have not consented and they also believe that they have the power to refuse arrest if they want (Griffiths, Murphy Tatz, 2016). These freemen who are found more in Canada and in some parts of UK has a strange terminology of their own, they do not believe in identification proof, they do not believe that they are under the jurisdiction of the state. They call themselves free from any kind of law or jurisdiction and also do not have to pay taxes (Ricciardelli Taylor Griffiths, 2017). They believe that world is free and they are born as free and independent individual they have not consented upon any legal system or government which has any kind of jurisdiction upon them. So they consider themselves free from all rules and regulations. They don't want to be under the government or legal system. They believe that government is a corporation and they use the common citizen of the country for their benefit. So they do not want to be under any government, they are free to their own will. References Carleton, R. N., Afifi, T. O., Turner, S., Taillieu, T., Duranceau, S., Lebouthillier, D. M., ... Hozempa, K. (2017). Mental disorder symptoms among public safety personnel in Canada.The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 0706743717723825. Griffiths, C. (2014).Canadian Criminal Justice: A Primer, 5e(Vol. 5). Nelson Education. Griffiths, C. T., Murphy, J. J., Tatz, M. (2016).Improving Police Efficiency-Challenges and Opportunities. Public Safety Canada= Scurit publique Canada. Ricciardelli, R., Taylor Griffiths, C. (2017). North of 49: The Dynamics of Canadian Policing.